Monologues

Joanna’s Monologue from Kramer vs. Kramer Look, during the last five years of our marriage, I was scared and I was very unhappy. And in my mind I had no other choice but to leave. At the time I left I felt that there was something terribly wrong with me. And that my son would be better off without me. I know I left my son. I know that that’s a terrible thing to do. Believe me I have to live with that every day of my life. But in order to leave him, I had to believe that it was the only thing I could do.And that it was the best thing for him. However, I have since gotten some help, and I have worked very, very hard to become a whole human being. And I don’t think I should be punished. Billy’s only seven years old. He needs me. I’m not saying he doesn’t need his father, but I really believe he needs me more. I was his mommy for five and a half years. And Ted took over that role for eighteen months. But I don’t know how anyone can possibl y believe that I have less of a stake in mothering that little boy than Mr.Kramer does. I’m his mother. I’m his mother. JANICE  by Susan Pomerance Janice is awakened to the fact that the boy next door is no longer just the boy next door. How in the world could you ever predict something like this? It's†¦ I mean, you're so close. We've been neighbors forever, since we were little kids. Playing together, messing around and stuff. I've always thought of Ralph Merriweather as this little playmate next door, you know?This goofy kid with unruly hair and a squeaky voice and acne. How was I to know I'd fall for Ralph Merriweather? Things change, you know? One day here's this skinny, uncoordinated guy with a big Adam's apple and then, all of a sudden, you turn around and he's super-neat. One day he's a dork, the next, a hunk. It happened last night when we went over to the Merriweather's for the holidays like we have since I can remember. Of course, there was mistletoe. And Ralph grabs me and kisses me, and – wow!All of a sudden like he's not just the little dork next door anymore. He's like this familiar stranger who turns me on. Amazing. After all these years. And now everything is turned upside down. Now I find him handsome and sexy and very interesting. Why, when we were little, we used to take baths together and I never ever once thought about looking below the water line. I was more interested in his plastic duck. http://iws. punahou. edu/department/theatre/curriculum/monologues/female/janice. html

“Bartleby the Scrivener” by Herman Melville

This short story entitled â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† by Herman Melville gave as an idea about the several interesting characters with many poles apart personalities. But the one that was caught our attention was Bartleby. This man was a scrivener, which, in simple words, was a human description of a modern day copy machine. He did his job exceptionally well; he never stopped working, and got things done rapidly and proficiently. But, Bartleby was a man of one phrase: â€Å"I would not prefer to†. He said this as a reply to everything that was requested of him other than to copy documents.Well in fact, he absolutely refused what his boss asked him to do. This confused the reader about Bartleby. But, Melville, never seemed to present an answer to this mystery. Another thing that caught my attention was that he never said â€Å"I will not. †, but â€Å"I prefer not. † This implied us that the individual he was talking to has a choice as to what Bartleby wo uld or wouldn’t do, but in such a way, it was explained that he puzzled the narrator’s feelings, and for a long period of time, it caused him to accept the statement as a â€Å"no†.I concluded this as one of the weaknesses of the narrator as a business owner, but at the same time made me thought what was Bartleby’s reason for responding in such a way. I also found out very interesting about him was his living habits. He decided to stay at the office which he didn’t even bother to ask the permission of his boss (the narrator). He washed, slept, and worked in that place also. He refused (or stated that he would â€Å"prefer not†) to adjust his living arrangements.The narrator transferred his business because Bartleby didn’t want to vacate the place after the new occupant arrived. The narrator understood him but in the end Bartleby was put into prison because of him also. To cut the story short, Bartleby died at the prison. The narrator had an investigation and discovered that his last job caused him some mental affliction and psychological disturbance. In my own point of view, I think if the narrator learned about the real situation of Bartleby as early as possible, he would treat him with compassion and understanding.The reason of Bartleby by telling â€Å"I prefer not to,† â€Å"I prefer not to,† was to isolate his self among the rest and his lack of interest for involvement. The narrator explained in the passage below how he treated Bartleby, â€Å"I placed his desk close up to a small side window in that part of the room, a window which originally had afforded a lateral view of certain grimy backyards, and bricks, but which, owning to in subsequent erections, commanded at present, no view at all, though it gave some light.Within three feet of the panes was a wall, and the light came down from far above between two lofty buildings, as from a very small opening in a dome. Still further to satisfac tory arrangement, I procured a green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though, not remove him from my voice. † The narrator, himself, had separated and secluded Bartleby from the real world. In my opinion, what the narrator did wasn’t able to help Bartleby overcome his trauma from his last work.It only added to the emotional problems that he hid from the start. He used to tell the word â€Å"I prefer not to† because he thought that he couldn’t do anything aside from his work and he didn’t even bother to mingle with other people because he considered himself unacceptable to whatever or whoever. For me, Bartleby didn’t want to isolate himself from other, in such a way that they couldn’t understand him, but the truth was the people that surrounded him, did the isolation.Because of that, he developed negative impressions toward himself and others. As I analyzed this short story, I came up with the judgmen t that isolation was risky. It can drive an individual to insanity, make him speechless, or even kill his own self. The lesson was not to allow your own self to be overcomed by prejudices and discrimination, and let yourself be isolated. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† by Herman Melville This short story entitled â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† by Herman Melville gave as an idea about the several interesting characters with many poles apart personalities. But the one that was caught our attention was Bartleby. This man was a scrivener, which, in simple words, was a human description of a modern day copy machine. He did his job exceptionally well; he never stopped working, and got things done rapidly and proficiently. But, Bartleby was a man of one phrase: â€Å"I would not prefer to†. He said this as a reply to everything that was requested of him other than to copy documents.Well in fact, he absolutely refused what his boss asked him to do. This confused the reader about Bartleby. But, Melville, never seemed to present an answer to this mystery. Another thing that caught my attention was that he never said â€Å"I will not. †, but â€Å"I prefer not. † This implied us that the individual he was talking to has a choice as to what Bartleby wo uld or wouldn’t do, but in such a way, it was explained that he puzzled the narrator’s feelings, and for a long period of time, it caused him to accept the statement as a â€Å"no†.I concluded this as one of the weaknesses of the narrator as a business owner, but at the same time made me thought what was Bartleby’s reason for responding in such a way. I also found out very interesting about him was his living habits. He decided to stay at the office which he didn’t even bother to ask the permission of his boss (the narrator). He washed, slept, and worked in that place also. He refused (or stated that he would â€Å"prefer not†) to adjust his living arrangements.The narrator transferred his business because Bartleby didn’t want to vacate the place after the new occupant arrived. The narrator understood him but in the end Bartleby was put into prison because of him also. To cut the story short, Bartleby died at the prison. The narrator had an investigation and discovered that his last job caused him some mental affliction and psychological disturbance. In my own point of view, I think if the narrator learned about the real situation of Bartleby as early as possible, he would treat him with compassion and understanding.The reason of Bartleby by telling â€Å"I prefer not to,† â€Å"I prefer not to,† was to isolate his self among the rest and his lack of interest for involvement. The narrator explained in the passage below how he treated Bartleby, â€Å"I placed his desk close up to a small side window in that part of the room, a window which originally had afforded a lateral view of certain grimy backyards, and bricks, but which, owning to in subsequent erections, commanded at present, no view at all, though it gave some light.Within three feet of the panes was a wall, and the light came down from far above between two lofty buildings, as from a very small opening in a dome. Still further to satisfac tory arrangement, I procured a green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though, not remove him from my voice. † The narrator, himself, had separated and secluded Bartleby from the real world. In my opinion, what the narrator did wasn’t able to help Bartleby overcome his trauma from his last work.It only added to the emotional problems that he hid from the start. He used to tell the word â€Å"I prefer not to† because he thought that he couldn’t do anything aside from his work and he didn’t even bother to mingle with other people because he considered himself unacceptable to whatever or whoever. For me, Bartleby didn’t want to isolate himself from other, in such a way that they couldn’t understand him, but the truth was the people that surrounded him, did the isolation.Because of that, he developed negative impressions toward himself and others. As I analyzed this short story, I came up with the judgmen t that isolation was risky. It can drive an individual to insanity, make him speechless, or even kill his own self. The lesson was not to allow your own self to be overcomed by prejudices and discrimination, and let yourself be isolated.

After Thousand Years Essays - Anaida, De, Green Leaves, Free Essays

fter thousand years naida want to believe to a memory and love, left man after him and no matter what he did no matter what he does and will do in his future , he just has to do something good for world?s sake, something important to every body who he is surrounded with, let it be a very little thing? here was a man, so he created how to write and read, he taught then children how to do it. Soon they became talented writers; there was a man, he painted pictures and in the museums people were feeling better in their hearts looking at them; there was a man, he planted a seedling, after some years it grew up a big tree and made the air cleaner. here will be a man and he will continue loving, his love will retain through the centuries and after thousand years you?ll see a tree full if green leaves, under it?s shadow will sit a painter drawing a picture on canvas of a writer with a lot of papers on his knees and many other people will be around them walking, smiling from the bottom of their hearts. You can explain a picture and you?ll see that the only name for it - is the one ? ?life is beautiful?.

Direct Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Direct Marketing - Essay Example Data is generated by transactions that form the foundation of many industries, such as retail, manufacturing, utilities, transportation, insurance, credit cards, and banking. In addition to these internal data, external data sources also provide demographic, lifestyle, and credit information on retail customers, and credit, financial, and marketing information on business customers. Data mining is a very useful tool to analyse business data and to use it to identify key customers and in turn increase business opportunities by targeted marketing. From the direct marketing perspective, data mining and data fusion provide a necessary means to collect and analyse customers' data in order to utilise direct marketing strategy most effectively. Data mining and data fusion are the exploration and analysis of large quantities of data in order to discover meaningful patterns and rules (Berry et al., 2004). Used in various simpler forms in earlier times, mining and fusion have made way for businesses to finally make some sense out of all the data that they have accumulated for years (Rudd, 2000). Several books and journals have been published to strengthen the cause of these tools to improve relations between customers and generate more business. Some other areas where data mining and data fusion have been extensively used include credit scoring, direct marketing, sales forecasting, insurance, manufacturing, telecommunications, web-mining and text mining. An area pertaining to the scope of this paper is the application of data mining and fusion in direct marketing. Mining and fusion are useful tools in almost all aspects of a business and direct marketing. It helps in building supporting systems for day-today business. It is u seful in forecasting trends, it is used in decision making processes. It can be used in strategic planning of the course of action to be followed (Berson et al., 1999). A significant application in this area is the usage of data mining and fusion as tools in customer marketing and effective promotion (Berry et al., 2004). Customer acquisition is another such application. Statistical modeling using data mining and fusion are useful in effectively segmenting customers so that suitable marketing efforts can be carried out (Berson et al., 1999). Estimation of customer profitability is another such vital application of data mining. Determining customer segments help establish better marketing and services practice (Berson et al., 1999). Data mining and fusion thus help businesses to a very great extent in managing customers and helps maximise the tenure of relationship with customers, optimise the transactions or business carried out, increase profits associated (Berry et al., 2004). Mining is an activity that processes raw data or information recorded on a transactional basis. Earlier in smaller companies, this 'mining' process was carried out by people who dealt directly with customers. Now with companies that have billions of customers, a system has to be established to carry out these activities. Mining is a follow-up and is closely connected with data warehousing (Berson et al., 1999). If useless data has been collected and warehoused, the mining process will yield no better results. At the same time, having

Financial resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Financial resources management - Essay Example When all information regarding the financial and functional activities is informed to the shareholders and stakeholders, no issues of corporate governance are generally seen (Attenhauser, 2008). Separation between the management and the ownership gives rise to the agency theory. The corporate governance codes are needed to realize whether the directors are on the right track for maximizing returns of the shareholders. They are also entrusted by the owners to ensure that the level of risk is maintained reasonably; this prevents the company from becoming too dominant. Corporate governance should be elaborated as the best practice whereby a company is administered and controlled. This includes association between the various stakeholders of a company like, shareholders, management, employees, suppliers and regulators. The main goal of corporate governance is to deal with the issues that are related to accountability and duties of the company. These advocate certain guidelines assuring the shareholders that their rights are protected as well as provides with a message to the community that corporate social responsibility protects the environment in an effective manner (Mallin, 2011). It is observed that corporate governance had evolved in United Kingdom (UK) slowly and had responded to external events, besides increasing the demand for accountability in the different sectors of the economy. There were various reports that were issued since 1992, which were nothing, but a result of the emergence of corporate governance in UK. It elaborated codes for the best practices, which constituted the Financial Reporting Council’s (FRC) Combined Code on Corporate Governance, 2003. The codes were amended in 2006 and 2008 and were subject to review in 2009 (BBC Business, 2007). In UK, corporate governance is regarded as principle-based or voluntary approach and not a mandatory one. It is principle based, rather than

Religion and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religion and Society - Essay Example Bureaucracy is the regularized procedure, and formal divisions of responsibility characterize its structure and set of rules and regulations to control activity in the government and large organizations.Bureaucratization of religion is seen in Middle East over past half-century. In Middle East three religious processes have grown together. Two things are seen in Middle East:1.Growth of fundamentalism that has received worldwide attention both by the international establishments and journalists. 2. Bureaucratization of religion and the state co-optation of religion. The bureaucratization of religion focuses on the chain of command of religious professionals and the state co-optation of religion focuses on their neutralization as political rivals. Fundamentalism, the bureaucratization of religion and state co-optation of religion has become intertwined in equally supportive as well as in hostile relations in Jordan. Bureaucratization of religion and politics is also seen in contemporar y Iran where there is due to emphasis on Shia radicalism, national character and revolution. In Iran, the relationship between politics and religion is because of historical context from the past time, and the role of religious leaders in the Iranian political movements and setup. It is said that the Iran has introduced radical sect of Islam for its national character of independence and for its historical culture and tradition to show itself as a great regional and world power. Shi'ism is an end product of the Iranian historical traditions of state, religion, and politics, and of its cultural contributions to the Islamic and world civilizations. Therefore, a remarkable continuity in Iran's past heritage of asserting her independence in the modern world of global transformation which is led by the superpowers of this modern world. Just like Zoroastrianism was of the ancient Sasanid Persia, Iran is the motherland of Shi'ism and Shi'ism is an integral part of Iran (Johnstone,2008). Another example for the Bureaucratized religion is Saudia Arabia.Although Saudi Arabia is thought to be the most religious among all Muslim countries, the question of who in the kingdom determines its central Islamic tract has been the subject of controversy since its foundation. The formation of Saudi Arabia in the early twentieth century involved the unique requirement of the Wahhabi da'wa in the service of the political aims of the Saudi family, Al Sa'ud. The regime has not been without its enemy, but for the most part the Al Sa'ud has been able to contain them. However, since the Gulf War, the social and economic problems that have inundated the country have led to the rise of a radical Islamic fundamentalist movement that has challenged Saudi Arabia's public role as the one Islamic country that has successfully combined culture, tradition and modernity (Wilson, 1986). Religiosity is a term used in sociology that refers to many faces of religious activity, belief and dedication. Religiosity refers more with how religious a person is, and less with how a person is religious in terms of practicing certain rituals, telling the myths, knowing some specific symbols, or accepting certain doctrines about his/her duites and life hereafter. Most of the debates in the study of religion have grappled over conceptualization issues that are really measurement issues. Much had been written in press in the 1960s and 1970s for the typology of the church-sect. Following that period people have seen similar disagreements about secularization which depend heavily on how one decides to measure the concept. Now we argue on what leads to a strict church (Hill & Hood,1999). Life would be more simpler if we could all use the same set of conceptual measures, apply them consistently, and be able to compare our findings systematically (Harvey Whitehouse,2000). Emile Durkheim(1858-1917) is considered to be the father of sociology. He is recognized for making sociology a science, and making it part of the French academic

Umpqua Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Umpqua Bank - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the sort of culture, which Ray Davis has figured out how to make, is adapted towards serving the clients enough. At the point when the clients are fulfilled then this at last deciphers into included benefits. Through reliably conveying positive thinking in regards to future objectives, Ray Davis has figured out how to give inundate vitality to drive the bank forward.This discussion highlights that Umpqua's culture is the thing that makes it so joined with the groups in which the stores are found. They have held various occasions like setting up lemonade stands and dessert trucks all through neighborhoods, which group individuals adored. Clients are more than just clients. Umpqua partners are required to know clients by name and are relied upon to be dynamic individuals from the group. One staff part found that a client was being kicked out of their home, so she and her spouse bailed the client move out throughout the weekend. This is only one sampl e of Umpqua partners' commitment to helping clients with banking administrations, as well as of enhancing their experience of those administrations and the group's personal satisfaction.  Ray Davis welcomes any individual commitment made by the youngsters, therefore, empowering an intrinsic motivation of one's assignments to create. There are times when the officials needed to alter course in the usage methodology on the organization's vital arrangements.

Philosophers Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Philosophers Matrix - Essay Example Through education, the individual is able to develop skills that enable him to be able to modify the environment he is in, in order to suit his demands. Therefore according to this theorist, through learning, the learner is able to acquire new behavior through the process of conditioning. Bode came up with the theory of cognitivism and he considered the patterns of learning as being a critical feature that led to change of behavior among individuals. He saw the memory system as being an active system that was organized in order to be able to process information. The knowledge processed played a vital role in learning. According to this theorist, learning is brain based and the ability for the brain to be able to differentiate between the wrong and right enables them to learn faster. This explains why in the learning institution we have students who tend to understand faster than the others. Rules and general principles that will guide the process are formulated by the learner. This enables the learner to become vital in the practical world real context. Learners are introduced to culture by more skilled members. The teacher acts as the facilitator who gives guidelines to be followed by the students and they are allowed to consult where they get stuck. The teacher encourages the learners to discover principles and new skills for themselves. It is through the skills that they are able to construct knowledge and solve the daily realistic problems. Transformative learning theorists argue that it is through the process of constructing and appropriating new ideas that one can understand the meaning and experience of the world (Ileris 82). One can only effect change through the process of reference as it is through such frame that we are able to define the views of the world. The fact that teachers are likely to insist on the idea of learning new skills, learners engage themselves more in classroom

Modern scientific issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern scientific issue - Essay Example What fascinates me most is where to draw the line between good technology that helps people and bad technology that harms people. One example of situations where cloning can help is when scientists take cells from an organ in the lab and grow tissue to help someone recover from damage to one of their organs. If tissue from their own body can be cloned, and then replaced in the body, then there is less likelihood of rejection. Genes can be cloned too, so that patients who are lacking particular genes or segments of genetic code could in some cases be helped with cloned genes. I do not see any moral problem with this kind of medical cloning. An example of where cloning could be a bad technology is where human embryo cells are used for experiments and then just simply destroyed. This does not show much respect for human life, and many people believe very strongly that experimentation on human embryos, even when they are only a few cells in size, is fundamentally wrong. Some scientists are happy to work with embryos created purely with the intention of providing cells to help another person, but other scientists think this is taking science a step too far, and acting like God, and they refuse to get involved in this type of work. There is also the fact that when scientists work on clones, there is a huge failure rate and many of the eggs are destined to die just as a normal part of the process, and this helps nobody. There is also a larger than usual amount of problems in later life with cloned organisms, and no one really knows how safe or unsafe it would be to have artificially cloned human beings. Identical twins are natural clones, which means they have exactly the same genes and chromosomes, and they appear to be quite normal but so far there has never been an artificially cloned human being, as far as anyone can tell. I believe that one day someone somewhere will do this, partly to prove it can be done, and partly to see what the resulting

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Research Paper

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Prison - Research Paper Example In recent years there has been a problem in the United States of the prison population rapidly growing, which has been causing financial problems as well as issues with finding the space to incarcerate the criminals . As a consequence, there has been a trend towards probation and parole as methods of getting criminals out of prison earlier and back in society. In addition to reducing prison population, it is thought that this may also help the individuals to successfully rehabilitate into society, reducing their rate of recidivism. Although studies indicate that the success of probation and parole may be limited, the process nevertheless appears to be effective for some individuals, and there are processes that can be undertaken to increase this effectiveness. Prevalence of Probation/Parole Parole and probation are widely used as means of justice, and these are often considered to be community corrections. Probation is part of the sentence that is initially handed from the judge when following a trial. It can occur in addition to or instead of time in prison. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released from prison after serving all or a part of his sentence. In both cases the individual is under a set of conditions, such as they are not allowed t associate with certain individuals, cannot commit crimes or visit certain locations. If the individual breaks these conditions, then they are subject to imprisonment. In many cases the offender’s attendance to these conditions is determined by their supervision by a parole or probation officer. The number of individuals under community correction at any given time is high, much higher than that of the prison population. For example, in 2003, there were around 2.1 million adults incarcerated, but approximately 4.8 million undergoing either parole or probation . These numbers were not unique to that year, but instead represent the general trend . There is no unified system for probation and parole acros s states. Instead each state has their own guidelines and laws surrounding the circumstances in which criminals are eligible, the length, restrictions that are placed on the individual and other factors . Because of this, the manner in which individual supervisors treat those they are in charge of differs significantly between different people, cities and states . The recent changes in sentencing laws have resulted in an increase in the number of people who are receiving community corrections . It is likely that any solution to the problem of high numbers of incarcerated inmates will result in increases to the number of people under probation and parole . This will result in an increased workload for those involved in supervision of offenders. The power of officers has increased significantly in recent times. Currently many parole and probation officers are able to carry weapons, as well as administer drug tests to determine whether the offender is remaining drug free . Effectivenes s One of the key roles of probation and parole is to reduce the rate of criminals reoffending. This is an important issue, as more than two thirds of released prisoners have been found to reoffend within three years of their release . Studies have shown that while probation and parole can be effective as a method of sentencing for many individuals, the rate of recidivism remains very high . One factor that limits the effectiveness of probation is the fact that a large number of people on probation and par

Costa Rica Essay Example for Free

Costa Rica Essay Costa Rica is a very beautiful country and very independent. Costa Rica gained its independence from the Spanish in 1821 but still was mooched off of by Agustin de Iturbide in his Mexican Empire. Easter in Costa Rica is known as Semana Santa. On July 25th they have Guanacaste day, which is the celebration of the annexation of Guanacaste to Costa Rica in 1824. August 2nd they have Virgen de Los Angeles Day. Which celebrates the Patron saint of Costa Rica. This is one of the most important religious celebrations. On September 15th they celebrate Independence Day in Costa Rica. On October 12th they celebrate Dia de la Raza (Columbus Day). Lastly on December 25th they celebrate Christmas Day, which are Family-oriented celebrations. Costa Rica’s flag has tons of symbolism involved stating with the colors. The white stripe represents peace and honesty, the blue stripe represents vigilance, truth and loyalty while the red stripe represent hardiness, bravery, and strength. The emblem on the flag contains the volcanoes and their coat of arms. Costa Rica’s number one economic resource is coffee and bananas. Costa Ricans live just like we do in the U. S. A. Costa Rica and the United States of America get along quite well. Of course there has been a few bump in the road but nothing bad enough to make us hostile. We are good friends because we help each other out by buying each others products and such. Costa Rica and its relations with other countries are exquisite right now. They have been apart of the international community and have been neutral to most countries for quite some time. Of course it may be hostile to a few countries but everyone seems to have enemies. This country is said to be very beautiful so if I had the time I would gladly visit it and spend a few days on the beach. Things are cheap there and I can be cheap so it would work out great. This country is a very beautiful country that makes its money off of very natural things and I think that is very good. I think the people are nice and the amount of festivals and holidays they have is very cool.

Holocaust Essay Example for Free

Holocaust Essay Art: a true Holocaust survivor. Though he was born in Sweden after the war and did not experience the Holocaust personally, his life is deeply affected by the event, both directly and indirectly. To begin with, Art is troubled by nightmares and fears of the Holocaust, as he fantasizes when he was a child about certain degrading happenings. Secondly, he is impacted by the intense, traumatizing toll the Holocaust had on his father, which, subsequently, was transferred onto him. As a result of the trauma of his parents, Art was raised in a strict, decent manner that demanded he treat life with the highest regard and gratitude, being he did not have to suffer the horrendous trials which the previous generations went through. And lastly he feels guilt over not being a good son to his father, being that their relationship is rocky, arguments constantly break out, and he has a reluctance to help. Art feels deeply moved by the horrible danger of the Holocaust. For example , as a child, he would imagine that the showers in his house would pour down gas instead of water. Also, he would often ask himself which parent he would save if he could have only have saved one from Auschwitz. Most likely, he would reason, his mother would have occurred as first choice, due to the fact that he felt he had a part in her early death, because of the neglect he showed her, when he answered with a cold and dismissive â€Å"sure† to her question â€Å"do you still love me?† Vladeks personality and parenting style were clearly influenced by the war, as he forces his son to finish everything off his plate, advices ways to save money, and strictly refuses to agree. Therefore Arts character traits and lifestyle choices were in turn clearly guided by his fathers personality and parenting style. In chapter 5, he complains to Francoise, â€Å"He loved showing off how handy he was and proving that anything I did was all wrong. He made me completely neurotic about fixing stuffOne reason I became an artist wasit was an area where I wouldnt have to compete with him.† Art experienced a guilt over not sharing his parent’s experience of the Holocaust and therefore wanted to live a life untroubled by the same trauma. Art is full of guilt for claiming he’s not a good son to Vladek. Right from the first panel of the book, we are told that the two of them do not get along particularly well, and that they do not see each other often, though they live fairly close by. Art is always unsteady around his father, and when they speak, arguments sooner or later break out. For example, when Art drops some cigarette ash on the carpet, Vladek strongly rebukes him; or, Vladek’s revelation of the fact that he burnt Anjas diaries from the war sends Art into a fury. Furthermore, when Vladek asks his son for help around the house, Art is usually reluctant to do so and hesitant to give in. And, although Art, at the very beginning, tells the reader that he hasnt seen his father in a long time, as well as the fact that they are not particularly close, he gives his father an excited greeting a rare action, which probably results from the guilt and possible regret he feels over the neglect in which he gave his own father. In conclusion, I believe that Art is a true Holocaust survivor as not only does he suffer from a kind of survivor’s guilt, but he also grew up with the aftermath of the other survivors’ trauma. The misery portrayed in the pages of his father’s story, and most evidently in â€Å"Prisoner on the Hell Planet†, dictates that Art not only sympathizes with the Holocaust survivors, but even feels like he was an actual member with them in their torturous trials. His choice to even publish the novel and make everyone aware of his family’s suffering shows he believes that these shocking stories should not be ignored or forgotten, since doing so would only allow for the traumas to happen all over again.

Study on the Usability of Semiotics in Graphic Design

Study on the Usability of Semiotics in Graphic Design Keywords: Fine, flat, graphic design, semiotics, usability studies. Abstract. Currently, The current flat design has become a mainstream approach is widely used in web design, computer and mobile phone systems, interface design. In graphic design, graphic symbol design is increasingly being taken seriously and use minimalist design symbols often appear in print design plane, PPT presentations, public areas, identity-oriented system like. This paper discusses the design of graphical symbols flat in graphic design use need to make the audience cognitive ability, graphic symbols standardized principles, design principles angles for effective information design to achieve efficient information communication. Materialized mostly graphic image symbols, and mostly flat graphic indicator; flat screen symbol by the proposed development materialized symbol interface evolved. Materialized the graphical interface and the graphical interface is flat coexist and cannot replace each other. During the design, the designer should be based on the advantages and disadv antages of the two styles complement each other interfaces, common graphical interface design services. Introduction Today, the mobile Internet as an important sign towards the information society, information resources to meet the people of the richness, diversity and access mode flexibility, convenience and mobility needs. The emergence of mobile terminal makes access to information even more ways to enhance an absolutely important position, but also because of this, people on the phones features, quality and other requirements are also increasing. The main task of graphic design is to strengthen the exchange of information between people, is the performance of graphical symbols tool exchange required. The current flat design has become a mainstream approach is widely used in web design, computer and phone system interface, PPT, flat-screen print and in public areas such as identity-oriented system design. Simple graphical symbol accompanied by a short text message to pass different meaning, purpose is to allow people to quickly clear awareness and understanding. Graphic design appropriate symbol not only bring visual beauty, but also to replace the cumbersome expressed in words, to convey information at a glance. In recent years, flat style swept the field of digital interface, the smart phone in its interface design is also increasingly used to this style, as a smart phone interface main elements, carries the flattened icon indicating the function information important role in transmission, its operating efficiency has been much attention to design practitioners and the research community. Currently on academic research among flat design, the icon for the study of usability problems are more scarce, the vast majority of existing research dedicated to qualitative theoretical analysis, the lack of objective quantitative research as a reference, and thus the actual availability of flat icons lack of a clear conclusion and in this study, for the first time physiological data with a combination of psychological data on the availability of flat icons depth study. As a smart phone user interface in an integral part of the design of the phone icon in the experience economy driven began to play an increasingly important role, it carries with it the expression of specific functions and the important role of transmitting information. At the same time, the merits of icon design will directly affect the user experience and operational efficiency user interface design has become an important factor affecting the success or failure. Current research work related to academia flat design which is ongoing, this article from the perspective of design elements, the existing theoretical research supplement; At the same time, the existing research on the flat design and design of the actual use of materialized efficiency is no clear discussion of the results, a lot of literature has pointed flat icon simple, efficient features in the study, but the lack of evidence of objective evidence, so we are starting from a usability point of view, as experiments on fl at icons materialized icon comparative study, you can search for two types of icons efficiency more in-depth discussion, in order to provide an objective reference for the relevant academic research. Figure.1 Flat design The Proposed Methodology User interface virtualization.  With the rapid spread of smart mobile phones alternative to traditional phone and touch-screen technology, mobile phone interface, any original physical button has been gradually transformed into the software interface of the virtual keys. In the pursuit of handset design and integrated accounting wave, many Android phones also have physical buttons below the screens only designed to become a key form of induction, a trend that makes the most of the smart phone in addition to home and on key volume, lock screen button, theres no extra physical keys, the operation of mobile phone users by the majority of the screen is completed, and thus gradually evolved detail gesture commands. Figure.1 Schematic diagram of operating gestures flat design.Flat first refers to the modern enterprise management process, in response to the plight of the traditional hierarchical organizational structure faced adopted a management model. The core of the model is to reduce the layers of management and appropriate management of all levels of management to increase the amplitude, and eventually will be similar to the pyramid form of organization into a more flattened form to improve management efficiency. From a social development perspective, the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹easing the situation well in all areas due to the rapid economic development brought about by organizational level redundancy, and therefore outside the field of business management, this concept also has good application value. As a new, more and more designers and design style used by the organization, not simply flat design with innovative visual style to win users eye, but through the extra ingredient abandoned in the design and the decorative elements of restraint, giving users a better experience. In the new digital era background, flat design choose a more suitable for the characteristics of the virtual interface design approach, rather than a continuation of the traditional design style, it is precisely because it has brought the rapid development of flat design in recent years. Materialized design.From the visual style, the materialized with the flat in stark contrast to the former by giving audiences do addition way, the use of shadows, highlights and a gradient effect on image icon to maximize close to the real object, with vivid three-dimensional effect to use bring a strong visual impact; while the latter is in the form of subtraction, to remove redundant decorative elements, and then extract the main part of the article, and present them in the form of simple graphs. Although the two images using a different design approach (the former and the latter is a flat style quasi-physical style), but both are based on the reality of the alarm image as a template to make too, that the only difference between them in the right sense of reality on more detailed characterization, but nature does not jump out of the old framework to create new timekeeping, this time with a flat quasi-physical difference can be understood as a decorative technique on. Thus, in the course of the study must be combined with the use of a specific object context in order to make a correct understanding of the two design styles. Figure.1 Flat and materialized style icons Flat icons in visual form.From the perspective of the visual form of icons, smart phone interface icons can be distinguished from the two dimensions of time and space. From the time dimension, the phone icon can be divided into static and dynamic state. Which as the name suggests is a static icon icon elements remain static icon, the class icon is currently widely used in mobile phones user interface which. And dynamic visual style icon over time is changing, distracting when used in smaller interface, and thus rarely appear among the mobile phone interface. From the spatial dimension, the phone icon can be divided into two-dimensional, three-dimensional and three-dimensional space of three forms. Wherein the two-dimensional icon with the latter two diametrically opposed in style, it avoids the shadows, highlights, and other three-dimensional simulation of the effect of the material in the design process, resulting in the visual style it showed a strong tendency to flatten. Further subdivided on the basis of the two-dimensional handset icons can also be divided into simple monochrome icon and complex multi-color icons. Body element.Flat icons in the main element is the means to play a major role in the transmission of information in the icon section. Size icons. Due to differences in the smart phone hardware specifications and product positioning on, resulting in the current characteristics of the phone screen size diversity, and to interface design workers brought unprecedented challenges. At the same time, the size of the icon has become a matter of design choice requires workers often face. Flat internal icon generated.Products due to human practical needs to be created, early product form most simple and plain, after the Arts and Crafts Movement   after the products components have been decorated to a new height, in the subsequent internationalism movement, designers again return to reason, he began to pursue the simple and efficient design form. From the design evolution trend is easy to see: With the development of society, design forms are also experiencing an iterative development process from simple to complex and then to mobile phone interface icons materialized birth, it helps people reduce cognitive burden and narrow the distance between the display unit to assume an important role, but with the widespread adoption of smart phones, this role is already overtaken by events. In this case the public needs to be more simple, modern, and can be accommodated in the limited screen design in the form of additional information, in such a social environment flat s tyle icons have emerged, and quickly swept through the design. It is the image of the symbol of traditional design approach materialized icons used, namely by imitating real objects textures, shadows, and other effects of gradual way to shorten the distance between the user interface and product awareness to reduce costs. But in recent years with the rapid development of diverse Internet products and mobile phone functions, making the product interface is also more and more filled with information, because the flattened icons using more indicators and symbols, therefore its use in the mobile phone interface which also makes the smaller screen to hold more information, to achieve the maximum interface features. Flat external design generates.The arrival of web2.0 era, breaking the room Internet information barriers between each other, so that the user between the site and realize the two-way exchange of information. With the rapid proliferation of computers, many Internet users to be in the bottom-media background to create vast amounts of information resources, and gradually cause the current information explosion situation. As the Internet and smart phone product interface is filled with more and more information on the loose interface classify and organize the content becomes very important at the striking simplicity of flat icons used to distinguish between different content identification function on It is particularly efficient. To visualize the icons instead of boring text, not only shrink the layout, improve the rate of plate interface, but also convenient for users to search. With the upgrading of digital products continues to accelerate, the mobile phone market have been the birth of many different sizes and resolution display, which gives materialized from the shadows of the past, icons, textures, gradients, and other three-dimensional effect constitutes brought new challenges diversity phone screen enables designers need to create a variety of sizes and resolutions icons to adapt to this trend, which makes materialized icon design becomes both cumbersome and time-consuming, not only increases the workload of the designer, but also improve the development costs. The flat design uses icons to detail the elements more restrained and more use of vector graphic design elements and symbols, can solve the problem of adaptation at different resolutions. Flattened icons designed to minimalism as the core, advocated the adoption of a simplified rendering of images to reduce the complexity of a graphical interface, while the use of bright colors to improve the clarity of the interface layout, enables the user to focus more on desired completed tasks. Therefore, the above analysis shows that, flat style icons can help users better perform tasks more functional interface, especially in the smaller screen smart phone interface which, it can well improve recognizable icon element , efficient and user-friendly operating in different environments. Conclusion We analyzed the availability of flat icons. First, we analyzed the characteristics of smart phones and equipment operation, carded product usability evaluation system, eye tracking technology related indicators. We introduced the flat design concept, and through existing mobile phone brands and APP interface icons investigation and analysis summarizes the status of the application icon flat, visual form, color and size body element, and generating flat icon analysis of the causes. In the latter part of the article, in conjunction former interim research results, based on the collection and self-painted the corresponding flat icon creative design eye search experiment, and post-test questionnaire and subjects interviews of flat icons availability of comprehensive evaluation. Most smart phone interface design will be used simultaneously to two types of flat icons, such a design approach not only ensures improved aesthetics user interface operational efficiency, but also to some extent, it is possible to attract the users . With the social environment and the changing needs of users, smart phone interface design has been in development and change them, from the original materialized style to todays prevailing flat style appearance of the style icon of the phone has undergone tremendous change, to among the mobile phone interface usability studies icons flat, one can explore the actual efficiency of the icon, subjective feelings and understanding of user satisfaction rating in the course of the icons, it also can be the basis of empirical research on future icon design work to provide a reference and reference. References 1. Lupton, Ellen, and Jennifer Cole Phillips. Graphic Design: The New Basics: Revised and Expanded. Chronicle Books, 2015. 2. Calori, Chris, and David Vanden-Eynden. Signage and wayfinding design: a complete guide to creating environmental graphic design systems. John Wiley Sons, 2015. 3. Krasner, Jon. Motion graphic design: applied history and aesthetics. Taylor Francis, 2013. 4. Ly, Tiffanie. CST 300L October 7, 2013 The Growth of Graphic Design and the Designer Graphic design is an art medium that communicates through combining specific elements to create the representation of a certain product or project. This art form is unknowingly. Growth (2013). 5. Wang, Qi, and Huifang Li. Analysis on Tactile Field in Current Graphic Vision Design. 3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2014). Atlantis Press, 2014.

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Frank Carellini Professor Joseph J. Ellis Honors 290C Death Of A Financier: From Establishing America’s Credit To Financing The Revolution To Debtor’s Prison Amer ·i ·can noun É™-ˈmer-É™-kÉ™n, -ˈmÉ™r-, -ˈme-rÉ™- : A person born, raised, or living in the U.S. An American is defined as a person born, raised or living in the U.S. There are sacred grounds from which American roots clearly stem. There are words that instantaneously come to our minds when our American pride is questioned or insulted. Financial stability is not one of them. Passionate, idiosyncratic, united, diplomatic, relentless: these are the synonyms of American and our associated founding. But not â€Å"Financially Stable.† Actually most â€Å"Americans† are disgusted by one or more facets of the American financial system, bellowing at its corrupt, dishonest methods and lack of sympathy for our people. We are often quick to dismiss money and business as unethical creatures. It is easy to praise controversial soldiers and philosophical demigods and wooden teeth and cherry trees, when relishing in America’s emotional and inspiring foundation. Despite its stagnant reputation as a crippling agent, â€Å"Finance† and the almighty dollar (or should I say the almighty â€Å"Morris note†) once held a genuine place in the fight for American independence and maturity as a newly-birthed nation. Money was once a note of trust, a building block for international commerce and relationships. As America was born, commerce did not only translate into profits, but it was the beginning of an international web that would be the site of synthesis for social, political and economic paradigms. In the wake of America’s foundation, Robert Morris personalized currency. Coupling transactions with handshakes and... ...f financially networking. The simple misappropriation of funds tore his life apart. Money is a perception game. With money one can easily be characterized by arrogance and selfishness; without it, desperation and despair. America is a place of commerce and we need to be. There has been an everlasting parting from the original isolationist policies, instituted by Washington. I have reason to believe his close friend Robert Morris, is the reason for our global success. The first official act of Hamilton, as Secretary of the Treasury, was to recommend that the domestic and foreign debt be paid, dollar for dollar. When the paper containing this recommendation was read before Congress, it thought that the new Secretary of the Treasury had gone mad. How was a nation of less than 4,000,000 of people to voluntarily assume a debt of $75,000,000! In The Financier, I Trust.

Jacksonian Democrats Essay examples -- essays research papers

Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820's and the 1830's, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonian's view of themselves. Unlike previous presidents, Andrew Jackson represented the common men. He and his followers did not support the aristocrats, but instead favored the interests of farmers and urban workers. When they gained power, the Jacksonian Democrats brought about great advances in creating a more democratic and economically equal society. One of the most important changes that Jackson brought was a much more democratic society. You no longer had to be a rich landowner to be allowed to vote. Most of the states removed any religious or property qualifications for holding office. The number of voters increased nearly by seven times during Jackson's presidency. By 1832, nearly all states adopted a new system for choosing for choosing its electors. Before Jackson's presidency, the electors were chosen by state legislatures. Now all the states in the Union, except South Carolina, had adopted a more democratic method of allowing voters to choose their state's electors. Also, during Jackson's era, many state and local officials were elected to office, instead of being appointed. This gave the voters more control of their local government, and increased participatio...

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PET/ PETE: Polyethylene Terephthalate 1. Thermoplastic polymer in polyester family, with â€Å"C10H8O4† as empirical formula for its monomer. 2. It exists in two forms: fiber (synthetic) and resin. 3. PET is converted into fiber form by permanent press fabric and bottles by blow molding. 4. Recycling Code: #1 5. PET is not biodegradable and its incineration produces harmful gases which have high potency to air pollution. That’s why recycling it for further use. Properties [1] Density 1.38 g/cc (20 â„Æ') Young's Modulus 2800-3100 MPa Tensile Strength 55-75 MPa Elastic Limit 50-100% Glass Transition Temperature 67-81 â„Æ' Table 1: Properties of Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate. 6. Strength and stiffness of PET exists because of the presence of large aromatic rings in the long chains which results in high resistant to deformation too [2]. 7. PET (waste) used as construction materials: Based on available research in the literature, waste PET (mainly bottles) is recycled in four major ways: I. Waste PET bottles depolymerized into unsaturated polyester resin to produce polymer mortar and polymer concrete [3]. Advantages: †¢ Higher compressive and flexural strength than normal Portland cement. †¢ Modified concrete achieves 80% of its ultimate strength within 1 day. Disadvantages: †¢ Properties of modified cement sensitive to temperature. †¢ Cost for producing this modified concrete is high. II. PET Fiber to reinforce concrete [4]. Advantage: †¢ Enhances the ductility of quasi-brittle concrete. †¢ Reduce the cracking by plastic shrinkage. Disadvantage: †¢ Water Repellent and low surface energy of plastic which result in weak mechanical bonding b/w fiber and concrete. †¢ Poor mechanical bond strength causes internal micro-cracks in the interfacial mechanical... ...s Composites, 21(17): 1597–1607, 2002. 16. A. B. Inceoglu and U. Yilmazer. Synthesis and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester based nanocomposites. Polym. Eng. Sci., 43(3): 661–669, March 2003. 17. M. S. Devi, V. Murugesan, K. Rengaraj, and P. Anand. Utilization of flyash as filler for unsaturated polyester resin. J. Appl. Polymer Sciences, 69(7): 1385–1391, August 1998. 18. A. B. Cherian and E. T. Thachil. Blends of unsaturated polyester resin with functional elastomers. J. Elastomer Plastics, 35(4):367–380, October 2003. 19. Y. Xu, M. L. Li, Y. Guo, and F. J. Lu. Structure and properties of modified unsaturated polyester resin by nano-TiO2. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 19(6): 578–580, November 2003. 20. E. Kicko-Walczak. New ecological polyester resins with reduced flammability and smoke evolution capacity. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74(2):379–382, October 1999.

Determining a substance by tritration Essay

Aim: Using the procedures of a standard acid base titration lab, the goal of this experiment is identifying the amount of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) that is presented in a calcium carbonate substance presented by our teacher. Hypothesis: Due to any unknown substance that we encounter in the chemistry room, we must take serious precaution, as the substance may very well be highly contagious and dangerous to smell, touch or taste directly. The only ability that we posses that can be used to observer this substance is our vision that is going to help us in determining the concentration of the substance. Although that with vision only, it will not suffice the need that is necessary to make that judgment as we need quantitative data (finding the exact concentration of calcium carbonate). Unless we have prior knowledge about this substance, the processes of a titration must be used. My hypothesis begins that this has about 60% concentration. Variables: Independent Variable: There is none in this experiment. The goal of this lab is not to include any variables that will change the concentration of the calcium carbonate. We need constant results for the concentration of the calcium carbonate, as that will determine the actual concentration of the calcium carbonate in our substance. Dependent Variable: The volume needed to titrate the calcium carbonate solution by using the phenolphthalein indicator. Though it is a clear substance, the indicator will change its color into pink when the solution becomes a base from an acid. By determining the amount of hydrochloric acid is needed to change the color of the solution, we can determine the concentration of calcium carbonate through some calculations. Controlled Variables: 1. The Distilled Water: The distilled water will be the only water that will be used during the entire experiment. The distilled water was prepared and resented by our teacher. 2. The calcium carbonate substance: The calcium carbonate substance was constant throughout the entire experiment. 3. The Hydrochloric Acid: The hydrochloric acid was one of the main components of this experiment. Therefore this acid was also prepared and presented by the teacher. 4. All Equipment: All the same equipments such as the pipette and the filter paper were used throughout the experiment. Apparatus: * Unknown white powdered substance * 50cm3 burette * 3 250cm3 Erlenmeyer flask * 200cm3 for hydrochloric acid * 0.1M of Sodium Hydroxide * Burette clamp * Retort stand * Distilled water * Goggles * Filter paper * A funnel * Phenolphthalein indicator * A scale * Paper towel * A spoon * Pipette * Pipette sucker * White paper Method: 1. First set up the retort stand and the retort clamp as indicated by the diagram below. Of course, the flask must be prepared in the subsequent steps. However unlike the diagram, place a white piece of paper beneath the flask so that the color change becomes more easily visible. 2. After placing the paper towel and scaling the scale, measure out approximately 10.0 grams of the unknown substance and record the exact mass 3. Add 200cm3 of 1.00-mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and stir until the reaction is complete. 4. Filter the solution and withdraw 10cm3 using a pipette and make up to 100 cm3 in a volumetric flask. 5. Titrate 10cm3 portions against a standard 0.1M NaOH using the phenolphthalein indicator. 6. Record both quantitative and qualitative data. 7. Repeat the process of titration three times. Observation (Data Collection): Measurements: * Mass of Calcium Carbonate solution: * Burette: Calcium Carbonate solution made using 250cm3volumetric flask with an uncertainty of ?0.5cm3 * Pipette: 25.0cm3 of 0.100moldm-3 NaOH(aq) ?0.04cm3 Chemical Equations: Before we delve into the calculations, it is best that we list the necessary chemical equations of this lab. One must note that in this experiment, that there were two chemical reactions. Firstly, the first experiment occurs when the white substance mixed with the HCl. The second chemical reaction took place when the HCl solution meets with the .1M of NaOH 1. 2. Qualitative Data: Description of the substance used and produced Hydrochloric Acid Clear, viscous, Calcium Carbonate White, powder form Phenolphthalein Indicator Clear solution, comes in a bottle, add as drops Solution Produced in the end Bubbly, white liquid, most of the unknown mixture dissolved Clear/pink throughout. Quantitative Data: Measurement Recorded During the Experiment Trial 1 2 3 4* Initial Burette Reading (ml?0.05cm3) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Final Burette Reading (ml?0.05cm3) 5.45 5.90 5.60 5.40 *To note, for the calculations below, the supervisor at the time suggested the best data to use would be the average of the HCl used because the numbers found were very consistent. Calculations The following steps were taken so to find the % by mass of CaCO3 in the mixture 1. The moles of acid presented in 200cm3of 1.00 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid. 2. The moles of acid presented in 10cm3of the acid solution titrated. 0.00056molof HCl 3. Multiply the volume present in the volumetric flask. 4. The total moles acids remaining after the reaction with CaCO3 5. Subtract the value in 4 from that obtained in 1 to find moles acid used. 6. The stochiometric equation for the reaction of HCl and CaCO3 Hydrochloric acid+Calcium carbonate–>Calcium chloride+water+Carbon dioxide -Therefore the molar ratio is 1 mole of calcium carbonate to 2 moles of hydrochloric acid 7. Using this and the value in 5 to calculate the moles of CaCO3 present. Then calculate the mass of CaCO3 8. Using the value found in step 7 and the original mass of the mixture, here is the calculation to find percent of the mixture is made up of CaCO3 Uncertainties: * * * * Total Uncertainty= Conclusion: This experiment in general was very interesting. During this lab, I was able to learn of how we can identify the amount of a substance by knowing the concentration and volume of another. We were able to do so as we knew the moles and concentration of sodium hydroxide that had enabled us to find the unknown concentration of calcium carbonate. Because the actual percentage of CaCO3 was not given, we must concur that the accuracy of this lab has been affected and therefore must be assessed by our uncertainty percentage. The percent of uncertainties represents the desultory errors that may have occurred, which either may make the measurements bigger or smaller than the accepted value, due to imprecise measurement. One way to avoid future random errors, better equipment may be needed, or repetition of the measurements. Despite the uncertainties based on lab equipments and other mediums of measurements, one of the biggest possible sources of error lies in the systematic errors of this lab, especially finding the exact endpoint. Though the pink color should indicate when the endpoint is reached, in trial 2 and 3, the solution turned a faint pink color and my partners and I did not know whether that faint pink indicated the endpoint. This could have resulted in a measurement lower than the actual value. To possibly improve this source of error, I believe more time and trials should be allotted to the students. When I was doing my experiment, we were only given a single class time to follow the procedures, write down our notes, and clean up our experiment. If more time was allotted, then higher quality recordings could be made. This would then give us a clearer idea when the endpoint actually is. Next, though it is unlikely, to improve this lab we may have to rinse the burettes and other flasks prior to performing this lab. In my chemistry classroom, burettes and flasks are arranged so that the clean ones are clearly seen and labeled while the used ones are in the sink. However it could be possible that another student may have placed an unclean burette in the cabinet full of clean equipments. Therefore, for accuracy purposes, all equipment should be washed using soap and tissues. Reviewing and understanding the errors can significantly improve this experiment. Though my hypothesis of the concentration being 60% calcium carbonate was wrong, this experiment taught me the value and usefulness of the process of titration.

How Women Are Portrayed in Media Essay

Common effeminate stereotypes gear up in the media devour a correctly cultivate over how nine views wo hands and how wo custody view themselves. What is the media aboutbodyation of women to solar day and how does this carry on how young girl assistants put prohibited themselves? With programs practic e genuinely(prenominal) toldy(prenominal) as The Bachelor and touch of Love showing a cardinal women competing for the concern of maven piece of symphony, oft utilize their internality, magazine ads displaying a half-naked young-bearing(prenominal) automobile trunk to divvy up a fragrance or cosmetic increase, and video commercials highlighting a char wo musical com officehoods thigh and fag to portion f both(prenominal) out sneakers, it may be catchy for smart set non to be enticed by the overwhelming message to objectify women. shun Female StereotypesFemale stereotypes in the media move to undervalue women as a whole, and descend them to info rmal objects and passive gentle universes. tally to research outwe ar by Children Now, a national organization trying to give away infantren a public priority, 38% of pist paleate showcases found in video games atomic number 18 wearing revealing clo deoxidiseg, 23% argon showing cleavage. Magazine ads show a dismembered young-bearing(prenominal) trunk, with divisions, instead of the whole, a go for that according to media active, Jean Kilbourne, turns women into objects. Disney movies, from Beauty and The zoology to Aladdin show slender, unrealistically curvaceous, and quite under fire(predicate) young women, who atomic number 18 dependent on male figures for strength and survival, non their decl be moxie of empowerment. Media stereotyping of women as objects and friend slight universes creates genuinely first purse expectation for societys girls.When a cleaning lady is in a position of power, oft(prenominal) as the rargon pistillate boss introducee d in The Proposal with Sandra Bullock, or Disclosure with Demi Moore, she carrys to be a c aged-hearted, detached c atomic number 18er cleaning lady with sociopathic tendencies. This sends the message that a powerful woman sacrifices a wellnessy relationship, family, and maybe even her sanity to be passing flourishing at her carg starr. For the young girl who dreams to run a comp whatever, or scram a famous journalist, astronaut, or scientist, the media does non provide enough stickers for her to appearance to for encouragement and inspiration.Positive Female StereotypesDespite the some ostracize female stereotypes found in movies, idiot box, and advertisements, at that place be despotic examples of intelligent, authorise young girls and women as thoroughly. These features git distri b arg alle as consumption models for girlswho argon flavor for female characters to exemplify. Lisa Simpson from the popular cartoon sitcom, The Simpsons is a classic example of a corroborative female stereotype. An intelligent and gifted girl, this character thinks for herself and sticks to her perfects, traits that young girls should be able to fuck off in the media. In the TV series Doctor Who, The Eleventh Doctor is go with by two female characters, Amy consortium and River Song, finished space and time.They portray themselves as highly intelligent and display emotionally quick traits much(prenominal) as the cleverness to overcome traumatic events, strong sense of self-preservation, resourcefulness and faith in their avouch strength. Dora the Explorer is an inquisitive, adventurous young seven-year old girl, who is non to a greater extent thanover a positive female character, exactly one of the hardly a(prenominal) minority heroes or heroines of childrens television system. A conscious effort on the part of the media earth- soakedt offer much to the dreams and self-worth of societys girlsHow the Medias Portrayal of Women Impacts Gir lsThe medias act of women cloaks the self- hear of girls dramatically. Concepts of kayo and personality argon found in movies, magazines, and video games as long as at that place ar enough positive examples, young girls can buoy be free to be themselves. When there ar not, the fight backure is to be thin, corporeally charismatic, and pleasing in dictate to be likable and popular. According to the egress play on Media and the Family, studies wear found that the medias concentrate on body regard and submissive female stereotypes has affected childrens idea. For example, in television comedies it was found that thin women were two praised to a greater extent and less regainming to be made fun of by male characters. In commercials say at young girls, half mentioned physical deplumateiveness. As a result of these and opposite standardized trends, both boys and girls describe female characters as domestic, raise in boys, and touch on with appearances. some(pren ominal) young girls and teenagers argon increasingly reviveed with their weight and unhappy with their bodies. Stereotypes in the media of necessity affect our finis, curiously the young. As Susan Fiske, professor of Psychology at Princeton University and researcher of stereotyping and inconsistency, says, stereotyping exerts curtail or power over large number, pressuring them to conform consequently, stereotyping principal(prenominal)tains the term quo. To help combat the go of negative female stereotypes in the media, and thereforehelp not merely girls, plainly all of society transcend these curb expectations, it is serious to expose our children to positive aim models and to let young girls k at posture expert how amazing they ar and ever so give be.SourcesMedia and Girls. (Media cognizance Net dally).Sex and Relationships in the Media. (Media Aw beness Net model). Durik, Amanda and Janet Shibley Hyde. Psychology of Women and cozyity in the twenty- fore nigh Century. (University of Wisconsin). Medias Effect on Girls trunk Image and Gender Identity. (National Institute on Media and the Family). The role of media is crucial to the issue of fury against women, both in terms of how media cover (and practically distort) the issue, and how media may be employ as a tool to help activists and governments raise sense and implement programs on this issue, according to Rina Jimenez David, a long-time journalist and womens offices activist from the Philippines. Rina, who was interviewed by Mara Surez on FIREs first Internet Broadcast at the capital of Red China +5 womens conference in virgin York salvages a column called At Large for the Philippine Daily Inquirer, and is an activist and national ch standard pressure of a womens political party called Philipinas Advance.Many women generate say that the media coverage (of rape or new(prenominal) force-out) was exchangeable a stand byment assault all over again, beca usage of thei r insensitiveness in using pictures, publishing names, and other irreverences of privacy, utter Rina. And the path they portray rage reinforces stereotypes, when they focussing on the appearance of the victims, especially if they are young, attractive, or are oppugn the way they were dressed. FIRE is producing buy the distantthermostm insouciant Webcasts June 4-9 in New York during the UN check sitting of the capital of Red China +5 host on Women, which has attracted over 10,000 women activists, journalists and government delegates. The daily programs in Spanish and English focus on the role of media in relation to separately of the 12 critical areas of concern of the capital of Red China weapons platform for playaction.The first program centre on force out against women. In introductionory to describing how media tend to portray women who are victims of fury, Rina talked around her efforts as an activist to raise awareness of this issue among journalists, esp ecially those of the younger generation. Specifically, Rina draw a series of workshops conducted by the oculus for Media Freedom andResponsibility in the Philippines. The 3-day posing included a intimateity sensibility workshop, and in any case talks by women activists on issues of concern to women, including one by Rina slightly violence against women. I believe we really r from each oneed near 400 journalists, say Rina, because at the end we asked them about the impact, and the men especially had their eyes opened to the situation of women, and verbalise they were going to try and be much(prenominal) sensitive. Rina observe that the young journalists strikemed to be the near receptive to these ideas.During the live FIRE Webcast, Rina in addition noted how critical it was to lead violence against women recognise as a violation of womens human rights at the U.N. manhood assembly on Human Rights in capital of Austria in 1993. The Beijing program for arran geion, now beingness discussed at the Special Session of the UN General Assembly acknowledges more forms of violence. In the past it was totally phalanx rape and state torture (that were recognized), whereas the Beijing Platform for Action was a limit by including domestic violence, rape, and inner torment. in front 1995, such(prenominal) violations against women were precise much not recognized due to culture or tradition. Rina depict natural laws and actions colligate to violence against women in countries in the Asian Pacific region, which shed been enacted since the IV World Conference on Women in Beijing 1995, when governments committed themselves to implementing the Platform for Action .For example, in Japan, there was not even a term for genderual molestation in the language, whereas heavyset statute law was passed there to prohibit this violation of womens human rights. Likewise, Rina noted that in the Philippines there is a new braceual harassment law, although it is somewhat narrow, and a domestic violence bill is pending in Parliament. Rina noted that a big accomplishment of the UN Conference on Human Rights in Vienna in 1993 was to suck fundagenial rights of a person recognized, regardless of country or culture, which opened the door for the recognition of womens rights as universal human rights. It was scarcely new-fangledly those womens rights as human rights were recognized, said Rina, whereas in the past umteen of these rights such as violence against women were violate with impunity under the guise of culture and religion. Women in media in the Philippines from stereotype to liberation.Abstract polish offThe success of women in the Philippine sign and electronic media is contrasted with the negative assure in which they are stageed in mass media such as television, radio, comics, tabloids and magazines. Philippine women began place downing news media untimely in the century, becoming formal in the female orient ed press by the 1960s. As the repression of the Marcos regime intensified, women journalists excelled in writing vanguard pieces, using allusion, allegory, indirection or metaphor, interviewing prisoners, groundwork alternative news constitutions and even initiating the successful boycott of the 3 major pal papers when Aquino was killed.The participation of women in television journalism is parallel, just more particular(a) due to the nature of the medium. Womens ethnical role as multi-track organizers of family, finance and work is credited for this success. Dozens of names with titles and paper names are cited, as well as tabulated in an appendix. In contrast, womens image in the popular publications and electronic media is that of sex object, victim, ideal submissive wife-mother, or gracious lady shows little register of improving. This deleterious, backward and inaccurate image is promising due to all-male ownership, management and profit causality of these popular, vern acular mass media. The pressure on women to look and be ease up in authoritative ways is deeply ingrained into our culture. It is practically easy to overlook the impact that culture has on how we come up about ourselves and bodies. honoring TV, reading magazines, newspapers, or surfing the net it is all we forgather are airbrushed images of everlasting(a) bodies of women. Images of female bodies are e trulywhere. Women and their body separate sell everything from viands to cars. As earthly concern we absorb relentless message that beauty is the norm and the standards of beauty are being imposed on women. April 30, Monday Moslem Women in the New York Times 1980-2011 Liberalism, Feminism and Racism, is a conference looking at examples of articles, photography and headlines in The New York Times that portray Islamic women in stereotypical and negative ways. query testament be presented by professors, doctoral schoolchilds and new-made graduates of the University of Ca lifornia, Davis.A grapple conference schedule is available athttp//sjoseph.ucdavis.edu/media-project/muslim-women-in-the-new-york-times-1980-2011- plentifulism-feminism-and-racism. This event is free and open to the public. UC Davis Conference Center, Ballroom A (across from the Mondavi Center) on the UC Davis campus. Suad Joseph, founding director of the UC Davis meat East/ atomic number 16 Asia Studies Program and a professor of anthropology and women and gender studies, graduate students and recent graduates counted by peck and used computer-generated word counts of key lecture used in articles about Arab and Muslim Americans.They found systematic misrepresentation of Arabs, Arab Americans, Muslim Americans and Islam. The misrepresentation focused on Muslim women and the veil. The conference is co-sponsored by the UC Davis Department of Anthropology, Middle East/South Asia Studies Program and the Women and Gender Studies Program. The project is funded by the Center for educa tion Technology Research in the following of Society, UC Berkeley. The center was founded in 2001 to better employ technologies to research throughout the UC system. Funding also was provided by the University of California Center for New Racial Studies (a multicampus, interdisciplinary program). The portrait of women in Asian scary moviesThe shift out-of-door from the submissive, helpless, damsel in distress character in scary movies is origination to incompatible place across the globe as well. Trencansky talks about how women are beginning to be portrayed as stronger more dominant characters that aggressively fight against whoever is tenacious them instead of waiting for a man to save her. Two Asian movies, close (which was adapted into an American film) and Alone embody dominant female characters, sound like in Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street.Shutter was about a couple who notice that strange images carry appearing in the pictures that they pass water th e main female character determinedly goes on a discovery to find out what these strange images mean and comes to discover that it is actually the image of a ghost. After a lot of digging, she finds out that the ghost who is tenacious them is a girl that her economise and some of his friends had harassed and murdered a hardly a(prenominal) eld ago. This woman is a depiction of the Final Girl who actively solves the chore and preventsthis ghost from further haunting them. She is clear a female who has refused her assigned pendant role (68) by leaving her husband after she realizes what he has done and he is sent away to a mental institute. The woman who is haunting them, however, embodies a more submissive role as she is adequate to(p) to harassment by three strong men. She comes back to haunt them because of this, proving that ghosts are psychologically disturbed. Women and the media in South Asia.Abstract scoreThis article gives a brief overview of womens access to journa lism and communication breeding, lieu of women in the media, their needs for development of skills, and portrayal of women in the media, in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. 5 authors from those countries contri besidesed sections subdivided into each of these subheadings. In India, women have access to training, but their positions in the media are limited. They are often falsely stereotyped, sensationalized or put-upon, or all told absent. In Sri Lanka, however, women are closer to being equal to men, in terms of training, hiring and employment, although they tend to work in womens periodicals. Women are shown in most of the advertisements, and are loosely portrayed as perpetually in pursuit of glamour, food, clothes and cosmetics.Media in Nepal are comparatively new for example, television is scarcely 1 year old. on that pointfore, opportunities for women are fewer, and men dominate the hierarchy. Women are portrayed in the media negatively or sensationally, and used extensively in commercials. Womens position in Pakistan is limited in the cities by purdah and in rural areas by the feudalistic heritage, in which women are chattel. A minority of women are enrolled in journalism schoolings busy in the media those are excelling. Women are often idealized, abused or caricatured as interested only in consumption. Women have recently entered the journalism profession in Bangladesh, now totalling 24 women. Mores do not ear go down women to work at night or on out nerve assignments. The media are liberal in Bangladesh, airing news about dowry abuse and female conquest openly. In most of the countries, women tend to work only until man and wife, or afterward are limited by domestic duties. The surrealistic Portrayal of Women in the Media Beauty and corpseThere are more levels of trance in our society and media plays a major role in dispensing influential images to us. Media comes in more forms, television, radio, newspapers, movies, and advertisements. The media is so intertwined in our lives that we do not truly comprehend on a conscious level how much influence it really has over us. slightly of the images and messages we cover and hear can be both positive and negative. More often than not, we are exposed to images that are so unrealistic and unattainable by the clean person that we fail discontented with our lives and ourselves. Images of lavishness homes, cars, glamorous clothes, and glamorous body images induct us more self-conscious of how we live and how we look. Based on the above observations and the data I have researched on this topic, the media has an incredulous influence over the perceptions we have of ourselves. Historically, women have been more suasible to stereotyping and marginalization than men. The chronicle of a womans good prefatoryally began with being a sexual plaything, a mother, and a caretaker.Prior to the twentieth century, men saw women as mint without a voice, careta kers of the family, or skilful objects of sexual desire. Although we have recognized the many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) talents of women through the decades of the past century, we still have much further to evolve in our thinking. I believe most women would like to be melodic theme of as equals in our society, but we are too preoccupied with them being sexual objects. Advertisements have women exchange everything from food to cars. We handle to go to that women are the focus of most advertisements and the biggest selling point for the mathematical product being sold. At the same time, men continue to be the strong, handsome attractor in both our families and our society as portrayed in the media images. Although there have been many strides, the stereotypes have remained legitimate whereas the women are the sexual objects and the men are the purpose makers in our society. There has been a consistent theme throughout the centuries where women have been thought of as t he lesser sex. They have ceaselessly been thought to have lesser intelligence service than men do.It was only in the early 1900s that women were able to have a voice in our political elections with the right to vote. Unfortunately, the marginalization of women continues but is being exploited through a unalike locale the media. The images portrayed in the past 30years especially have been promoting the use of diets, exercise, and cosmetics for women to look and touch sensation young. Aging, especially for women, has become a negative in our society. The media has carry ond a society of unattainable goals for most women. The media application as a whole is a multibillion dollar industry, and the incident that women are everlastingly being told that they need to look better, feeds into the foundation line of these industries selling the pure(a) image. It is a lose-lose situation for the American female. While women dribble endless dollars on trying to perfect themselves, the companies that create the fantasy of the ideal female body, just keep getting richer. I believe women should be go fored for whom and what they are without trying to fit into some ideal that a male dominated federation has created to expand their profit margins.Unfortunately, we as a society have bought into what the media have been selling and there seems to be no good turn back. By focusing on the issues that have arisen from these media images and damage it has caused our female population, in specific our youth, it helps us learn about ourselves as a society and as a human race. This helps us to understand our expectations for one another, in a society where looks and image have become the most key part of the human existence. In nurture about ourselves and examining these expectations, we examine the flaws within the society we have developed. We are all liable for the arrange that the media has on our young flock, because not enough is being done to deter the fals e images that are being portrayed. Women more often than men are try on to live up to these media images of perfection. There are more diet ads for women than men both on television and in magazines.Celebrities are even contributing to the false images we see and hear by participating in makeup and diet advertising. We need to be more aware of the media messages being abstracted by our society with regard to body image. Unfortunately, as long as people are buying, the corporations will continue to sell their ideal body images to the public. We need to take a hard look at the fact that we, as a society, are enabling these corporations to dictate the ideal female image by buying into their perceptions. This leads to a female youth that is dissatisfied with her body, has low self-esteem, and in some cases develop eating disorders. We continue to walk a very dangerous path in our culture, where the female youth are the most under fire(predicate) in defining their self-image and sel f-worth.These images of thinness continue to represent what the masses prefer to see when viewing television and magazine advertisements. This is what the advertisers outcry sells products and so far it seems to work. If we could start thinking about what is reality as a collective society, hence maybe we can also accept that reality without continuously trying to change it. These types of media images only perpetuate more hazard as argue to positive images about oneself. We need to accept people for how they look, no matter what they look like without trying to live up to some unrealistic image in the media. Portrayal or perfidy? How the media depicts women and girls rising YORK When Jan Floyd-Douglass decided to buy a new car, she bypassed suitable models from many different companies and then wrote to tell them why. I wrote to eight manufacturers saying, I love your car but I didnt buy it because I dont like your advertisements because they put down women, said Ms. Floy d-Douglass. She told the story during a beautify watchword titled Portrayal or Betrayal How the Media Depicts Women and Girls, which was held 3 March 2010 at the UN offices of the Bah global Community. The event was one of dozens of side events planned in conjunction with the one-year session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, held 1-12 March 2010, which this year examined draw near made for women since the 1995 Beijing conference. As a contribution to this theme, the panel sought to hear how images in the media whether television, movies, or advertising affect the way women are perceived and treated.Ms. Floyd-Douglass was fall in by Michael Karlberg, an associate professor of communications at Western Washington University, and Sarah Kasule of the frets Union in Uganda. The panel was moderated by Baroness Joyce Could, chair of the UK Womens National Commission. Baroness Gould opened by noting that several recent studies have shown that images that ob jectify or demean women are now more wide used in the media than ever. Moreover, she said, those studies show that such sexualized images have an unhealthy impact on the psychological development of young girls and on young boys. It gives a very troubling perception to girls and young women, she said. For girls, it is about being told they need to be more attractive to men. And for boys, it is about looking upon girls as sexual objects. Dr. Karlbergsaid this trend in the media is a result of both individual choices and institutional forces.On one hand, he said, people everywhere are choosing to consume media that feeds base appetites that we have inherited from our animal nature. On the other hand, media institutions have been constructed in ways that purposefully stimulate, reinforce, and exploit these base appetites. The result, he said, is a feedback cycle that has created a media environs that is unjust, unhealthy, and unsustainable. Dr. Karlberg said efforts to address the p roblem mustiness consider the structure of media institutions. The assumption is that the media is just another commodity, he said. But the media is not just another commodity. It is a branch that facilitates democratic deliberations. It is a process that creates culture. check of the problem, he said, is that the medias real product is not content but the preservation of an audience to advertisers. The result is that the media strives to manufacture audiences in the cheapest way possible.Media junk foodThe cheapest way to manufacture audience is through a high sex, high violence, high negate content. It doesnt take talent or research or investigative journalism. and it stimulates the appetites, much the same way that a high salt, high sugar, and high juicy junk food diet does. Dr. Karlberg, who is a Bah, also discussed efforts the Bah community has undertaken to offer righteous education for children and young people, which he said can help to counter the ill effects of exp osure to sexualized or violent images. Bahs, like people everywhere, are struggle to raise and educate children, he said. They are trying to do this in a way that cultivates their inherent nobility, that releases their spiritual potential, and that helps them recognize the deep sources of purpose, meaning, and happiness in spiritedness. such spiritual education can be a very authorized grammatical constituent in reservation children less susceptible to messages in their media environment. It is also a very important factor in making children more likely to make heedful choices about media consumption as they bewilder older, said Dr. Karlberg.Ms. Floyd-Douglass said she considered her effort to write to confused automobile manufacturers that use sexualized images of women in their advertising as one among many weapons in the battle against the problem of such images. Like the other panellists, she noted that suchimages are so commonplace as to seem innocuous. Parents, she s aid, should explain the existence of such images to their children and make efforts to counter their harmful effects. We have to question stereotypes in the media. We have to express mirth at them. My message is, if we dont actually do anything about this, we are complicit in it, she said. Ms. Kasule said the problem is not confined to western countries.In the African context, much of the time, the way women are visualized in the media is quite negative, she said. They are depict as symbols of sex. Or as something to do with making men comfortable, or loose care. There are some counter trends to the problem, she added. She described a national television project in Uganda that gives free air time for women to talk about things that matter to them and noted that educational levels for women and girls are rising. There are many programs for girls to read and write. This is important because they will be able to access information, to access media reports, and then they can respon d, said Ms. Kasule. Media Portrayal of Women is HarmfulBY CAITLIN CARTERThe medias portrayal of women and men is harmful to everyone, and college students are not exempt. Women are the more taken for granted(predicate) victims of the misuse of sexuality. Advertisements on television, the Internet, and in magazines all over America use female sexuality to sell their products. Breasts, legs, and alluring faces sell beer, furniture, energy drinks, and even the womans sexuality itself. Women in sitcoms and reality television shows, such as Americas Next Top Model, represent a body type that very few women possess. According to the documentary Killing Us Softly, the average person spends three years of their life watching television commercials. Still, many people view themselves as unaffected. We see the effects every day. Recently, Nickelodeons Dora the Explorer underwent a makeover, from average child to sexed-up preteen.Have you noticed that within our lifetime, music videos have be come more and more like cheap porn? schoolboyish adults reading Cosmopolitan or seventeen may think theyre just learning about work-outs and skin care, but the subliminal message remains live up to this standard, or constantly be less than what you should be. This urgency is clearly evident in the ever-rising rates of eating disorders, and the levelof naivety and interest in them. Tons of feminists give lectures, write books, and make movies on the effect of female sexuality on women, but the topic of how the male sex in the media effects men is often blatantly ignored. Of course, the presence of women in the media is dominant, but this does not mean that sexualized men do not exist, nor that men dont feel the pressure.Ever heard a friend voice a deep concern over his scrawniness? Have you been to Goolrick and seen the hordes of men lifting weights on any given day? Men see the huge Abercrombie ads, with close to naked, sweaty, built men and they also see women drooling over the m just as women see men with Sports Illustrated calendars. As college students, many feel the pressure to look better than their beat out every time they go out on the weekend, and even when theyre only going to class, or to the Nest for a late-night snack. Although the media seems to be spiralling out of control, there is one thing that we can control how much we internalize the messages it feeds us. Generate conversations with your family, your friends, co-workers or classmates.By simply raising the awareness of ourselves and others, we can realize that the image of the ideal woman or man is nearly infeasible to achieve. If no one is immune to this invariant craze for perfection and if everyone feels the pressures and angst to fit the coveted role, is it really right for us to judge one another on the very issues we worry about ourselves? We can class each other up high than these images can tear us down- a compliment goes a long way. Caitlin Carter is a junior.Women And Neg ative StereotypesAn End Before A StartBy Divya Bhargava06 July, 2009Countercurrents.orgWe may be reluctant to believe that discrimination against individuals because of their sex, race, age, sexual orientation or health status still exist in institutions in most countries. We also may not want to accept the fact that sexual violence is common in all culture, that women are victims of rape, battering and sexual harassment each day, despite legislationprohibiting such violence, common policing, workplace policies, counselling and training programs exist. Yet this is the reality for most women. The fact that individuals are likely to think of man when they hear a word surgeon illustrates how we all hold beliefs, attitudes, the stereotype that influence our perception of the world around us. Which sex do you associate with elementary school teacher? With model? With engineer? intimately individuals still indicates that elementary school teachers are female, models are female, and engin eers are male. Individuals also mark the occupation if they believe the sex of the person performing this job is typical. Stereotypes refer to individuals cognitions that typically do not correspond to reality. A stereotype is a picture in the head not an accurate reflect of the real world. Stereotypes occur when individuals are sorts by others as having something in common because they are members of a particular group or category of people. Gender stereotypes are a psychological process which illustrates structured sets of beliefs about the personal attributes of men and women.An awareness of the limit of gender role stereotypes begins in the preschool years and is rather well-developed by the time children enter first grade. Parents are among the more important sociableizing agents for children in shaping values, beliefs and behaviours related to gender. Furthermore knowing the sex of the bilk conjures up all kinds of personality characteristics and physical attributes even w hen these factors are not present in the child. Parents communicate their stereotypes to children in legion(predicate) ways. Boys are given building blocks, sports equipment and model vehicles. Girls, on the other hand, are further to play with dolls, dolls houses and miniature household appliances. ethnic images of women-Culture ideas, symbols, norms and values play a significant role in the reality of women images and the differentiation of gender roles. The purpose of the present article is to understand the images of femininity in Indian society from ancient to sophisticated times. India, a heterogeneous society, presents conflicting women images. The prescriptive model image of Indian fair sex has displayed remarkable consistency. Images of women have not remained unmoving and have undergone numerous changes. However, certain basic models have widespread acceptance. Various heathenish images of women- Pativrata- un tickal devotion to husband, Glorified Motherhood, Bharat Mata Image. first at the societal plane, the perception of different categories of women is distinctly shaped/ reasoned by the popularly accepted female images/stereotypes.Secondly, at the interpersonal level within the family situation, these images oftentimes impinge in a transmutation of ways. Indian girls grow up with deep rooted sense of fear and insecurity which not only restricts their social mobility in the mundane day to day life but also often psychologically cripples them to face the hardships of life in public and resist gender based discrimination in particular. These gender dichotomies, flowing most directly from the popular images fostered most significantly, these images in most Indian families. Thirdly, and perhaps most significantly, these images leave a deep instill upon womens self-perception.Women in Advertisement- advertising has been a prime target of antiaircraft gun and scrutiny. The basic explanation for the critical focus on sex role portrayal in ad vertising lies in the close relationship, which exists between advertising, the consumer goods industry and the crucial scotch role of women as consumers. Generally it is shown in advertisement a womans goal in life is to attract and attain a man-women are shown in advertising as always young and attractive. They are frequently render as sexual objects. Women in advertisements are restricted to the home and isolated from other women outside home, man is her favourite companion. Domesticity is the second role of two dimensional image of femininity in advertising.Sex Stereotyping in the Media-Far more dangerous than the overtly obscene advertisements are the sexual stereotypes that are found in different media. The Indian version of sex stereotyping would have all women behaving like mythological sita and savitri- docile, submissive, sacrificing, sentimental, superstitious, and incapable of apt action, their primary duty being wives, companions and inclined mothers. Films are the largest disseminators of stereotyped images. They have a package formula for women the latter are shown as conventional, truly Indian women, who are devoted, son producing wives etc. so far womens protests and criticisms have not had much effect on the commercial Hindoo film industry.Television also perpetuates sex stereotypes. In its awomans world all that has happened is that the traditional sitas and savitris have given way graciously to an alien creature who is new role model for the Indian woman who has the trump of both worlds, is economically independent, progressive, ambitious and very very feminine. What is being peddled here is atrocious caricatured western lifestyle which is quite far removed from the average Indian womans struggle to survive totally negating and never questioning her reality. Even though 60% of women are involved in agriculture, radio programmes for the rural areas are only directed to men. Womens programmes almost never discuss technology, banking facilities, new laws or any such issues.Consequences of Negative Stereotype and sexism for the individual-Society suppresses the choices of males and females through cultural tyranny. The socializing process forces males and females into behavioural modes, personality characteristics, and occupational roles deemed appropriate by society. Most important, these constraints add up about system that is biased in favour of males. Men have the probability to develop their talents while women may only within a severely limited range. The consequences are as follows- Relative impotence of Women, Limited Range of Occupations for Women, Loss of faculty member Potential for Women, Lack of Respect for Womens Abilities, Low Self-esteem among Women, Trials of the Aging Women.Women Studies-Research interests in women have not only gained momentum since, 1970, but the stance and areas of researches have also significantly changed. Womens position has worsened considerably in almost every fiel d of view with the exception of some gains in education and employment for center field class women. What is worst, there has been growing violence against women. Womens studies can be classified into 5 broad categories- Studies on Womens Problems, Studies on Changing Status of Women, Studies on Different Aspects of Womens Life, Studies on Womens Organization and Movements in India, Studies on Conceptual, ideologic and Methodological Issue Involved in Research on Women. Given the various waves of womens studies, it would be in order to demonstrate the specific concerned of researchers in social, economic and political dimensions. In the social dimension, a large numbers of factorswere accentuate as the cause of womens command and low status in society.The marriage and family found utmost fear, for the private sphere has been considered as one of the root causes of womens problems. The abhorrent customs that attracted attention of scholars are infanticide, prostitution, purdah, d owry and divorce. These studies examined the legislations made towards eradication of these evils and highlighted their shortcomings in tackling the problems. Education of women is another popular theme, studies directed towards the status of rural womens education- both formal and non-formal, revealed very disturbing trends. The illiteracy is more rampant among women than among men. The women have been fair game to various constraints in pursuing their education, for, many girls act as surrogate mothers, deal out household responsibilities at an early age, tolerate other sex roles, and remain bring ups apathy or faltering resulting in drop out of many girls from schools.While it was expected that education will give more employment to women, it is creating more unemployment among married women graduates as compared to women as a whole. Without providing any alternative, womens education was found eroding the traditional parental ties. health problems of women are another ar ea which attracted attention of scholars. The studies reported the poor health condition of women due to poor access to health services and lack of nutritional diet. In the economic dimension, three themes have attracted attention of scholars womens employment, their participation in development, and impact of technology on them. In the political dimension it has been summarized that women suffer from powerlessness.Women laws in India-1. administration of India 19502. Penal Laws3. Family Laws4. Labour Laws5. Human Rights and Women intelligent Aid6. Domestic Violence Act 20057. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 19568. medical checkup Termination of Pregnancy Act 19719. Hindu duration Act 1956 and Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005 10. Special Marriage Act 195511. Child Marriage Act 192912. Hindus Widow Remarriage Act 186513. delay of child- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian Laws 14. Adoption of child- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian Laws 15. Maintence- Hindu, Muslim, P arsi and Christian Laws16. Guardianship- Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian LawsConclusion-In summary, then, the antecedent analysis of some of the selected socio-demographic, legal, educational, economic, political and socio-cultural indicators on the situation of women reveals that even after quaternity decades of assiduous effort womens condition continues to be miserable and they still confront immense problems in all these domains of life. However, recent international and national spectacular developments have turned the attitude of society towards women and womens perception of their own situation. Consequent upon these efforts and development, a spate of womens studies in different directions were made which inter alia raised new question on Women Question.References-Studies By-1 .Ashmore, 19982. Deaux and Kite, 19933. Doyle and Paludi, 19984. Heyman and Legare, 20045. Indian Past, 10.7.19886. Forum Against Oppression Of Women In The Media Committee, New Delhi 7. Womens Or ganization In Bombay (1985), Patna Conference (1988) 8. Krithi (1985)9. Bhasin K. and Agarwal B. eds. 198410. Quotation in the maidenly Gender by Bibekananda Das and L.N. fritter away (pg. 154-159) 11. Neera Desai Women Studies in IndiaDivya Bhargava is a law student in Bangalore